Fetal gallbladder stone is a rare phenomenon, which is observed by chance during third trimester ultrasonography and does not cause significant clinical symptoms. Even though the etiology of stones found in the fetal period are yet unknown; apnea of prematurity, sepsis, parenteral nutrition, motile diseases, blood group incompatibilities, metabolic diseases and dehydration of newborns are among the causes of formation of gallstones in pediatric age groups…

Introduction: Prematurity remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in INFANTs and a problem in the care of pregnant women world-wide. This study describes the risk factors for having a live preTERM delivery in Bandar Abbas Shariati Hospital. Methods: In this case-control study, we studied 300 neonates who were borned in Shariati hospital in 2011 and divided them into two groups: case group (100 mothers with premature neonates) and control group (200 mothers with TERM INFANTs). Risk factors that were studied include maternal age and job, parent's knowledge, the history of preTERM birth, uterine abnormality, maternal systemic and infectious disease, prenatal care, placental abnormality, trauma in pregnancy, maternal low weight gain in pregnancy, the number of previous pregnancy, inter pregnancies gap, maternal smoking, membrane abnormality, previous abortion, pregnancy with assisted reproductive therapy. Data collection and analysis were performed using SPSS 16 and t-test and Chi-Square were used to analyze the significance of the results. Results: The results show that in mothers with preTERM birth, prolong premature rupture of membrane 27.92 times, uterine and cervical anomaly about 15 times, preeclamcia 5.26 times, the history of preTERM birth 4.96 times, family dependency 2.67 times, urinary tract infection 2.24 times and diabetes 2.18 time more exposed to prematurity than mothers with TERM birth (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to this study prolong premature rupture of membrane, uterine and cervical anomaly, preeclamcia and history of preTERM birth are the most important risk factors for preTERM delivery.

Introduction: Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is a generalized epileptic syndrome. Age of onset is usually between 12 to 18 years. JME consists of myoclonic jerks, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCs) and typical absence attacks. EEG shows characteristic changes in JME. Long TERM video-electroencephalography monitoring (VEM) is a helpful diagnostic procedure in the diagnosis of patient with unclear history or EEG findings. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the role of VEM in diagnosis of refractory epileptic patients.Materials and Methods: This study is retrospective and descriptive on patients of Epilepsy Monitoring Unit of Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran between March 2011 and March 2012. Telephone interview was scheduled 6-18 months after discharge to evaluate results of VEM on the frequency of seizures, the therapeutic regimes and patients’ quality of life.Results: 24 cases with diagnosis of JME were chosen among 250 patients who were admitted with refractory epilepsy. Fourteen of them were female. The average age of patients was 24 years old and the average duration of the seizure attacks was 12.97 years. The mean frequency of GTCs was 2.76 attacks per month and after VEM and proper treatment, it decreased to 0.27 attacks per month.Conclusion: VEM is a helpful diagnostic procedure for evaluating of refractory JME epileptic patients.